The MENTOR Initiative is committed to addressing the critical health needs of populations living in vulnerable settings in South Sudan, particularly in the context of the ongoing humanitarian crisis caused by conflict in neighboring Sudan. With more than 649,000 refugees and returnees having entered South Sudan as of April 2024, the situation is dire, especially for those in overcrowded refugee camps and transition centers. Maban County in Upper Nile State and Renk County in Unity State have become focal points for refugee and returnee settlement. The camps are severely affected by poor infrastructural quality, exacerbating health risks related to vector-borne diseases (VBDs), particularly malaria—which accounts for a staggering 63% of illnesses—and other infectious diseases.